Estimation and Costing
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Estimation and Costing

Estimation and Costing  Estimate is required to be prepared for every work to know quantity of material and cost of work.  In civil engineering, word estimate is related with various civil engineering structures like buildings, roads, dam, canal, railways, bridge etc. MEANING OF THE TERMS – ESTIMATING AND COSTING (A) Estimating : An estimate can…

Introduction of Cement
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Introduction of Cement

Introduction of Cement Introduction of Cement: Cement means ‘any substance that acts as a binding agent for different materials ‘. Cement, in engineering field and especially in construction industry, is a material, which is produced by calcining at high temperature (1400°C) an intimate mixture of calcareous, siliceous and aluminous substances and crushing the resulting clinkers…